Geschiedenis



Hieronder een aantal onderzoeken die door artsen is bevestigd/onderzocht over het gebruik en de toepassing van Aloë Vera:
1700-1900 A.D.

Name Aloe vera first used to describe plant by Carl Von Linne in 1720. Scientific name given, Aloe vera Linne, also refered to today as, Aloe Barbadensis Miller. Hundreds of papers and references published by physicians and laymen world-wide describing Aloe's many uses as a healing agent. Aloe officially listed as a purgative and a skin protectant by the United States pharmacopoeia (U.S.P.) 1820.

1900 A.D.

Plant grown in warm regions world wide for its healing benefits, and as a commercial source of sap or purified Aloin. Fresh or dehydrated whole leaf sold as a treatment for radiation injuries; including ulcers, burns, dermatitis, and other skin injuries and diseases. Colonel H. W. Johnston, first commercial U.S. Aloe vera farm, established in Florida 1912.

1934 A.D.

First modern medical paper published in the United States, C.E. Collins. Paper describes use of whole Aloe leaf to heal radiation dermatitis on the forehead of a 31 year old female. Aloe healed dermatitis in approximately 3 months, skin returned to normal with little or no scarring and normal skin color. Collins and son report on the use of Aloe on fifty patients with radiation injuries, burns, ulcers, and dermatitis, paper states all fifty patients successfully healed. Used Aloe vera leaf split in half or ointment made from combination of sap and gel. Ointment was described as having a yellow color and an offensive odor.

1936-1939 A.D.

Dr. Carroll S. Wright, M.D., Philadelphia, Adolph B. Loveman, M.D., Louisville, KY, Archie Fine, M.D., Cincinnati, OH, Samuel Brown, M.D., Cincinnati, OH, Dr. Frederick B. Mandeville, M.D., Richmond VA. All above used Aloe vera leaf as described by Dr. Collins, with a few additional applications, all reports that Aloe heals radiation burns, ulcers, and dermatitis.

1940-1941 A.D.

T. Rowe, B.K. Lovell, and Lloyd M. Parks, note that Aloe heals burns much faster than any other treatment available. Leaf does not need to be fresh to be effective. Healing agent is found in the sap and skin - not in the gel. Rowe states that product was heated to a high temperature (boiled) with no loss of healing effects. Researchers report that they found free Aloe mannose in test samples. (Note: First researchers to report finding Aloe mannose)

1945 A.D.

V. P. Filatov Russia, reported that boiled Aloe juice was a very effective treatment of a skin disease caused by parasites. Adds that drinking Aloe juice is an effective treatment for many types of lung disorders.

1947 A.D.

T.C. Barnes, Hahneunan Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia, PA. Aloe vera heals skin injuries at least one-third faster than any other treatment.

1950 A.D.

R.Y. Gottschall, stated that the sap from the Aloe vera leaf is the healing agent. Experiment proved that boiled sap kills Tubercle Bacilli (Tuberculosis).

1953 A.D.

C.C. Lushbaugh, M.D., and D.B. Hale, B.S., performed studies for U.S. atomic commission. Aloe vera heals radiation dermatitis and ulcers in test animals at least fifty percent faster than other treatments.

1956-1957 A.D.

N. Nordvinov and B. Rostotsky, Russia, stated Aloe prevents radiation burns. Reduces time for healing from 30-45 days to 15-16 days in 2nd and 3rd degree radiation and fire burns, frostbite, cuts, blisters, etc. Greatly improves skin texture, eliminates dryness, itching, eczema, psoriasis, neurodermititis, and other skin diseases including cancer.

1956-1957 A.D.

S. Levenson and K. Somova, Russia, used Aloe extract (sap) for the treatment of periodontal disease. 150 patients were treated by injecting extract at the site of each affected tooth. Treatment completely eliminated periodontal disease in most if not all patients. Research concluded that Aloe is a biogenic stimulator.

1959 A.D.

Gunnar Gjerstad and T.D. Riner, reviewed data submitted by E.P. Pendergrass. They stated that FDA admitted Aloe ointment regenerated skin cells, it eliminated scarring and promotes regeneration of natural skin color, and does so without toxicity. According to this paper, Pendergrass gave credit to traumatic acid for the ability to regenerate skin cells. Merks index lists traumatic acid as a wound healing hormone.

1963 A.D.

Julian J. Blitz, D.O., James W. Smith, D.O., and Jack R. Gerard, D.O. Aloe vera emulsion (sap and gel mixed with mineral oil) was used to treat 18 patients with peptic ulcers. All patients had been treated with long term conventional therapy with little or no benefit. Each patient was given a daily dose of Aloe vera emulsion orally. Researchers reported that 17 of the 18 patients completely recovered from all symptoms of peptic ulcers. Patient 18 left study after 1 dose, no follow up.

1967 A.D.

Dr. A Farkas and Robert A. Mayer M.D,. filed for and received U.S. patent on Aloe Polyuronide. Their patent application proposed that this was the active healing agent in various species of the Aloe plant, including Aloe barbadensis Miller. (Note: This substance is a complex compound which contains four separate mannose compounds, similar to those described by Carrington Laboratories)

1969 A.D.

Dr. Eugene Zimmerman, and the Baylor College of Dentistry. Performed an extensive study on the use of Aloe vera as a treatment for dental-related disorders and its ability to kill or control various organisms including: Staphylococcus Aureus, Streptococcus Viridaus, Candida Albicans, Corynebacterium Xerosis, and the five strains of Streptococcus Mutant. Researchers conclude that Aloe is a very powerful anti-inflammatory and it kills a broad spectrum of micro-organisms.

1973 A.D.

M. El Zawahry, M.D, M. Rashad Hegazy, M.D, M. Helal, B.Ph., Ph.Ch., Cairo, Egypt. Researchers used Aloe vera (combination of sap and gel) to treat, seborrhea, acne, alopecia, chronic leg ulcers, vulgaris, and hair loss. They said that Aloe was highly effective against all the above skin problems.

1975 A.D.

Robert B. Northway, D.V.M, reported that the plant was effective on ringworm, skin allergies, abscess, hot spots, fungal infections, dermatitis, lacerations, and inflamed cyst, in animals.

1978 A.D.

Dr. G.R. Waller, Oklahoma State University, reported that Aloe contains a broad spectrum of free amino acids, free monosaccharides, and total saccharides released upon hydrolysis, sterols (mainly B-sitosterol) plus lupeol. Note: B-sitosterol is a powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-cholesterolmatic. Lupeol is a powerful pain killer and anti-microbial. The report adds that these active ingredients were found in the oil of the plant (skin or sap portion of the leaf).

1980 A.D.

Dr. Bill Wolfe D.D.S., P.A., Albuquerque, NM. Repeated work done in 1969 and once again showed Aloe highly effective against Staphylococcus Aureus, Streptococcus Viridaus, Candida Albicans, Corynebacterium Xerosis, and the five strains of Streptococcus Mutant, and that it is non-toxic. Quickly relieves pain, eliminates soreness, irritation, swelling, and is a very effective treatment for herpes.

1980 A.D.

John Heggars, M.D., Chicago Burn Center. Demonstrated the ability of the Aloe vera to heal third degree burns and frost bite up to six times faster than accepted modern medical treatment. Dr. Heggars concluded that healing effects were due to steroidal like compounds, (acts like cortisone),and salicylic acid. He further stated that Aloe treatment eliminated scarring; normal skin color returned and unbelievably the Aloe completely regenerated the hair follicles, and allowed for regrowth of hair in burned area. Said Aloe was more effective in preventing and controlling infections than Silver Sulfadiazine.

1982 A.D.

John Heggers, University of Chicago Burn Center, reconfirmed the presence of salicylic acid in Aloe. This is an aspirin-like compound, which explains why Aloe helps control pain. It is also a powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agent.

1983 A.D.

The National Aloe Science Council (NASC), reported to the FDA that it had developed a standard chemical fingerprint for Aloe vera. Provided fingerprint and petitioned FDA to set U.S. standards for Aloe juice drink, Aloe Gel, and other topical products which claim to contain Aloe juice or Gel. NASC standard rejected by FDA.

1984 A.D.

Dr. O.P. Agarwal, M.D., F.I.C.A, Uttar Pradesh, India. Recorded that Aloe had virtually eliminated heart disease, stress related disorders, and diabetes in over 4700 of the 5000 patients, which were followed for five years. All patients were instructed to take approximately 4oz. of fresh Aloe vera plant and 3/4oz of the husk of isabgol and mix it with wheat flour to make a loaf of bread. Treatment consisted of eating one loaf of Aloe bread per day.

1985 A.D.

Jeffrey Bland, Ph.D., Linus Pauling Institute. Drinking Aloe vera juice improves protein digestion, helps normalize bowel habit, control yeast infections, promotes proper balance of digestive bacteria, relieves indigestion, irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, acid stomach, and concluded that Aloe juice has no toxic effects.

1986 A.D.

Doctors of Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, stated that the dried sap of the Aloe plant is used in the Arabian peninsula for its ability to lower the blood glucose in diabetic patients. Paper concludes that Aloes contain a hypoglycemic agent which lowers the blood glucose.

1987 A.D.

Dr. Rosalie Burns, M.D. Describes the disease commonly known as shingles (Herpes Zoster). She points out that shingles is caused by the same virus that also causes chicken pox and common herpes. Stated that sap from the leaves of the Aloe vera plant is remedy for pain and speeds healing when spread over the blisters.

1987 A.D.

Dr. H. Reg McDaniel Dallas, TX. Stated "Aloe extract may mimic AZT without toxicity." Research shows Aloe vera stopped progress of AIDS. Reports corresponding drop in antibodies to HIV and the number of free virus in blood samples. McDaniel further concluded that the Aloe would control or kill many other retro viruses, including the viruses that cause the common cold, measles, mumps, chicken pox, flu, and other viral diseases.

1988 A.D.

Dr. Terry Pulse Dallas, TX., stated that 20oz of whole leaf Aloe vera juice was orally administered to 69 AIDS patients daily. Symptoms disappear almost completely in 81 per cent of the patients. Patients with the AIDS virus who showed no symptoms of the disease remain free of symptoms.

1989 A.D.

Researchers from Okinawa, Japan reported in the Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, that Aloe contained at least three anti-tumor agents, emodin, mannose, and lectin. The researchers concluded that Aloe controls pulmonary carcinogenesis and is effective in the treatment of leukemia and sarcoma and that it would prevent the development of tumors.

1989 A.D.

According to the Cosmetic, Fragrance, and Toiletry Association (CTFA), Aloe is by far the most popular cosmetic and toiletry ingredient in the United States. Named as number one by over thirty three percent of a cross section of consumers.

1990 A.D.

The following DVM and PhD's presented a paper in Brussels Belgium, in April 1990, Jasbir B. Kohlon, Maurice C. Kemp, Ni Yawei, Robert H. Carpenter, William M. Shannon, and Bill H. McAnalley. Research concluded that Aloe, or a substance extracted from it, is a very effective treatment against HIV-1 and other strains of the virus which causes AIDS. Research confirms that daily ingestion (20 oz. or more) can act as a immunization against the HIV infection. In HIV positive or AIDS patients, Aloe: (1.) keeps infected T-4 cells from reproducing the virus, (2.) either kills free virus in the blood or it stimulates the individual's immune system to kill the virus or both, (3.) it stops the disease AIDS from developing in HIV positive patients and can completely reverse the disease in those with AIDS, and (4.) some patients become Syro-negative. (The virus or antibody to the virus can no longer be found in the blood.)

1991A.D.

Ian R. Tizard, PhD, of Texas A&M, reported in the Journal of Molecular Biotherapy, that Aloe mannose was highly effective against feline leukemia and soft tissue cancer in cats and dogs.

1992 A.D.

Dr. James Duke, United States Department of Agriculture, approved the use of Aloe mannose as a treatment of soft tissue cancer in animals and feline leukemia.

1994 A.D.

United States Food and Drug Administration approves Aloe for human testing against the human immune-deficiency virus (HIV), the virus which causes AIDS. M.D. Anderson, Cancer Center, study suggests that Aloe can stop immune system damage caused by sunburn. According to the International Aloe Science Council (IASC), most major bands of cosmetic and toiletries contain less than two percent Aloe. Most experts agree that a concentration of 25 to 40% is necessary for a cosmetic product to have any benefits. Dr. Wendell Winters, University of Texas Health Science Center, at San Antonio, reported Aloe contains at least 140 substances. Substances which control cell growth and division, reduce inflammation, stimulates the growth of white cells and other immune-function cells, wound healer and infection fighter. Winters calls Aloe "a pharmacy in a plant."

Aloe Vera belongs to a larger class of plants called "Xeroids". They have the ability to preserve their water and endure long periods of drought. They also have the unusual ability to close off their wounds almost immediately to prevent loss of that precious water. It is believed that ancient man reasoned that if the plant healed itself so rapidly, it could also help to rapidly heal his wounds. All Aloe is basically "organic" as it grows well in marginal soil with little water, and insects don't like it. Since the Aloe is harvested leaf by leaf as it matures, it is just as easy to weed the fields by hand as it is to spray them. All of the carbohydrates (polysaccharides) and glycoproteins (enzymes) are made in the thick green rind. The outer rind retains enough of the carbohydrate to sustain energy metabolism and transports the balance of the carbohydrates and glycoproteins to the inner gel fillet for storage. The sap layer contains the yellow latex which is very high in the laxative anthraquinones (aloin and aloe emodin). The mucilage provides a movable layer between the stiff outer rind and the inner gel fillet. The inner gel fillet contains mostly water and the stored carbohydrates (polysaccharides) and glycoproteins (enzymes) made in the thick green rind. The rind contains the greatest amount of total solids consisting of fibrous xylans and mineral salts. The yellow sap contains about half the amount of total solids of the rind, largely anthraquinones and mineral salts. The mucilage contains about two and one half times the solids of the inner gel fillet, as the molecules are in transition from their source of formation in the green rind to their storage sites in the gel fillet. Aloe Vera contains over two hundred different constituents, each of them in relatively small quantities. Over seventy five of these constituent chemicals have biological activity and are divided between the Inhibitory and Stimulatory systems. Laboratory tests have shown certain amino acids, vitamins, RNA and immune mechanisms to be anti-inflammatory and are grouped together to form the Inhibitory system. Glycoproteins (enzymes) are a major part of this system. Immune stimulators, growth factors and mucopolysaccharides heal wounds and are grouped together to form the Stimulatory system. The active components of both systems synergize so that the final total activity in each system is greater than the sum of the active ingredients. The inner gel fillet of the Aloe Vera leaf contains the highest natural concentration of the complete constituents for proven synergistic value. Carbohydrates, fat, protein and vitamins are united together in a unique way to give us the "Miracle of Aloe". No other cells handle these constituents in the same way as recorded in Aloe leaf synthesis. To suggest that one ingredient of Aloe is responsible for its therapeutic value is presumptuous. The mucopolysaccharide is called Mannose Phosphate and is found in microscopic quantities. There are, however, other mucopolysaccharides present. To judge the therapeutic value of Aloe Vera by a total mucopolysaccharide count is misleading. Some companies are now "fortifying" or "enhancing" the level of polysaccharides in their products. By doing this, any level can be achieved but no additional benefits are realized. The most commonly added ingredient is Malto Dextrin, the main ingredient of which is included in body building drinks to boost the carbohydrate content and does not occur naturally in Aloe Vera. Only truth in labeling and the integrity of the manufacturer will show if such ingredients are added. This does raise the amount of polysaccharides to very high levels. It is not to be disputed the reports that an isolated polysaccharide from the Aloe Vera plant has therapeutic qualities for some chronically ill individuals. Aloe Vera is consumed by a wide variety of people in all stages of wellness, but primarily by relatively well people as an adjunct to good health. What does this have to do with Aloe? For many, many years now, hundreds of research scientists have been analyzing Aloe to determine what makes it work. Each study has purported to determine which substance is the "active" ingredient. Robert H. Davis Ph.D., Professor of Physiology, Biomedical Sciences, states and as published in "Aloe Today". "One tablespoon of Aloe Vera contains over 75 different chemicals which have biological activity. Furthermore, the components do not account for all the active compounds and activity in Aloe Vera. To suggest that one ingredient is responsible for wound healing and anti-inflammation seems presumptuous."

Aloe Vera is a fantastic body "detoxifier". It is one of the finest colon cleansers, gently loosening and flushing the encrusted fecal material from the colon walls. Once the colon is clean, the liver, kidneys and spleen can flush through the toxins stored there. The blood then scrubs the entire body of stored waste and toxins, promoting a feeling of well-being. Once the body is "detoxified" the immune system can function properly and all kinds of "miracles" occur. Yes, Aloe is wonderful for stomach ulcers and digestive problems and many other conventional uses, but the single most important thing Aloe achieves is body detoxification. Once this is achieved you will be amazed at how clearly you think, how your energy level has increased, and how you just don't get "sick" any more. Aloe is a "tonic" for health and well-being and is overwhelmingly consumed by "healthy" people. Daily consumption of Aloe Vera in conjunction with proper diet, vitamin and mineral supplements and exercise promotes the level of life we all wish to acheive. Aloe Vera is classified by the F.D.A. as "vegetable juice - G.R.A.S. (Generally regarded as safe)". To recommend a specific dosage to treat a specific condition or disease would be prescribing and reclassify Aloe Vera as a "drug". I suggest how to use Aloe Vera for internal cleansing and body detoxification so optimum health can be maintained or restored. I explain that Aloe Vera contains over 200 components, all in extremely small amounts, that combine synergistically to make up the "miracle" of aloe. I also suggest that our "western" idea, "if it is stronger and there is more therefore it must be better", does not hold true with Aloe. Aloe Vera is primarily consumed by "healthy" individuals who wish to maintain their normal lifestyle. Aloe Vera may assist in returning the body to a relative state of well being after years of neglect by cleansing and detoxifying. Recommend "Gel Fillet" product to the following: Anyone who is in relatively good health who wishes to remain so by using Aloe as a tonic. When someone desires to use Aloe as an adjunct to good health it is recommended that one starts with an Aloe detoxification program. This program is as follows:

  • 1. Drink 8 to 10 ounces each day for 30 days.
  • 2. Drink 6 to 8 ounces each day for the next 30 days.
  • 3. Drink 4 to 6 ounces each day for the following 30 days.

    After this is accomplished a maintenance program of 2 to 4 ounces a day should keep the body detoxified. This program will usually produce a remarkable change in the user. Once the colon is cleansed and the body detoxified all sorts of marvelous things happen. A new energy level is achieved, headaches and allergies are alleviated, those suffering joint and muscle problems notice greater pain-free mobility. From the person who is fighting a common cold to one who is HIV Positive. Remember, the high levels of polysaccharides in Aloe are the active ingredient in building the immune system. Should one continue drinking Aloe after they get well? It is recommended that the person who achieves a normal level of well-being should return to the "Gel Fillet" product. This will provide the user with the full range of benefits derived from Aloe.

    Aloe Vera for Topical Uses.

    Aloe used for topical purpose is the only way in which Aloe has been clinically proven and documented to be of true therapeutic value. The Food and Drug Administration lists Aloe Vera as "Vegetable Juice - GRAS (generally regarded as safe)" and may be used in the treatment of minor cuts, burns and abrasions. Recent Testing Indicates Much More. Dramatic results were evident in a battery of tests conducted by the Illinois Institute of Technology and Research and a company called Organogenesis, which developed a product called "Living Skin Equivalent". Using the stabilized inner gel fillet of the Aloe Barbadensis Miller plant, the toxicity of Aloe Vera was tested on "Living Skin Equivalent" in vitro rather than on animals. As a result, Aloe Vera was found to be totally non-toxic and, most importantly, Aloe Vera stimulates skin cell growth almost four times normal. Aloe Vera is a very unique botanical. Usually, healing qualities of a botanical are isolated to a single constituent or ingredient. Not so with Aloe Vera. Aloe Vera has over 200 separate ingredients or constituents which are grouped into the anti-inflammatory and the stimulatory systems. Sterols in the gel have anti-inflammatory properties. Amino acids such as tryptophane and phenylalanine reduce inflammation. Antibody production is increased to stimulate wound healing. Saliciylates and anthraniline-like substances have sunscreen potential. These substances penetrate the outer skin and bind to the dermal tissue. Aloe Vera possesses prostaglandin inhibitory properties and other therapeutic values. It contains concentrations of magnesium and an aspirin-like substance that have an analgesic or anesthetic effect. Aloe Vera also enhances blood flow. Wound healing has been accepted for topically applied Aloe Vera for centuries. The recent testing confirms the curative properties of Aloe Vera with scientific testing.

    In summation, the physiological properties of Aloe Vera are:

  • 1. It penetrates skin and tissue.
  • 2. It anesthetizes the tissue.
  • 3. It is bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal.
  • 4. It is anti-inflammatory.
  • 5. It dilates capillaries and increases blood flow.

    Aloe Vera (barbadensis miller) contains over 20 minerals, all of which are essential to the human body. The human body requires 22 amino acids for good health -- eight of which are called "essential" because the body cannot fabricate them. Aloe Vera contains all of these eight essential amino acids, and 11 of the 14 "secondary" amino acids. Aloe Vera has Vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C and E. Vitamins cannot be manufactured within the body, and some cannot be stored by the body, so it is necessary for the diet to sustain a continuous supply. Some research indicates that the naturally occurring polysaccharides present in Aloe Vera may have a beneficial effect on various conditions present in individuals suffering from life-threatening diseases. It is important to note that this research was carried out using an isolated and concentrated polysaccharade called mannose phosphate. This is only one of the many polysaccharides present in Aloe. We must be aware that the total polysaccharide content of an Aloe product may have no relationship to the amount of mannose phosphate present.

    The Nutritional Profile of Aloe Vera


    Following find a generalization of the inner gel fillet of a typical Aloe Barbadensis Miller leaf:

    Remember, these are but a part of over 200 identified components of Aloe Vera. Don't be led to believe that any one constituent is responsible for the therapeutic value. Only when all components are present does synergism occur and the desired results take place.

    Aloe Vera's Therapeutic Properties

    Aloe Vera contains four known antiseptic agents: Lupeol, Salicylic Acid, Cinnamonic Acid, and Urea Nitrogen. These recognized antiseptics are antimicrobiological which is why Aloe has the ability to eliminate many external infections. The agents Lupeol and Salicylic Acid are also highly effective pain killers, which, when you add Aloe's high content of Magnesium, provides the answer to why Aloe is so effective against pain. Aloe also contains B-sitosterol which is an anticholesterolmatic, meaning it has the ability to break down and eliminate cholesterol. And furthermore, it is a prostaglandin substance which is an antiflammatory agent, long recognized as an effective treatment for burns, cuts, scrapes, abrasions, as well as in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever and peptic ulcers. There are 75 known nutritional compounds naturally occuring in Aloe Vera, a few of the more important components, along with their therapeutic effects, are as follows:

  • Salicylic Acid: It offers anti-inflammatory activities and relieves pain.
  • Sterols: They have anti-inflammatory activity.
  • Gibberellin: It is a growth factor and offers anti-inflammatory activities.
  • Beta Carotene: An antioxidant - possibly a cancer fighter.
  • Anthrquinones: A known cancer fighter.
  • Zinc: Shown to improve wound healing in diabetics.

    At present, Aloe vera has little official standing in the medical community. In spite of the lack of official promotion, it is among the most widely used substances in the U.S. for the treatment of burns and bruises. Additionally, it is used in a plethora of cosmetics, and consumed as a healthful drink. While it has not yet won the full endorsement of the medical community, serious examination continues. This study is far more serious, with many greater implications than most people realize. In a later chapter, we will explore some of the serious medical research performed with Aloe vera this century. For the moment, it may be taken as an indication of the serious nature of such a study that the FDA has approved development aimed at the eventual use of Aloe vera in the treatment of cancer and AIDS! More and more, attention is turning to Aloe's unexamined possibilities as a powerful healing agent.



  • Gezond blijven !
      Aloelixir® Aloë Vera-sap kan voor allerlei alledaagse problemen worden gebruikt. Het ondersteunt het lichaam bij herstel bij en na ziektes.  
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    Therapeut zoeken?
      Komt u na jaren met klachten niet verder en u heeft Aloelixir Aloë Vera gebruikt maar nog niet genoeg resultaat. Spoor de werkelijke oorzaak van de klacht op met ruimtevaart geneeskunde.  
    www.prognos.info

    Enzymen
      Enzymen kunnen genezen. Ze versterken het immuunsysteem, helpen bij ontstekingen en helpen bij het verteren van voedsel.  
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    planten verkrijgbaar
      De plant is verkrijgbaar in elk tuincentrum.  
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    Prijs verschil?
      Waarom kost het ene merk 10 Euro en en de andere 40 Euro?  
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